Perfect competition V. Monopolies Essay Example for Free

Perfect competition V. Monopolies Essay In the American Economy, business is controlled by the government and the consumer. When a person is the owner of a business that is alone in its product that it provides for the consumer, it is said to be a monopoly. As a monopoly you have sole control over price. Monopolies are regulated by the government in order to prevent the misuse of power that a monopoly has. If a person can only get turkey, for example from one store. Then the store can charge a lot more for that turkey than it could if the store next door was selling it too because then there would be competition. Also, the store would not have to produce a better quality of turkey because there would be no reason for it to do so. In this situation the consumer is taken unfair advantage of by the business owner, in this case the store. Government regulates monopolies to promote a perfect competition economy and to get rid of the turkey situation discussed above. The benefits of a perfect competition economy benefit consumers. For example, if we go back to the store, in a perfect competition economy all of the stores have turkey. Now the stores want to make sure that the turkey that they sell is the best turkey and cost the least. In this situation they are competing for the consumers business. However, business owners of a monopoly situation disagree with the government. When there is a business that has the potential to become a monopoly the government watches it very closely and the business has to go through the government for mergers and such. The more the business becomes a monopoly, the more the government says no to the businesss requests. For example, there is Microsoft. The government has been working to keep Microsoft from being the big business that it is today. So, in conclusion, a perfect competition economy makes benefits for the consumer. Likewise, a monopolistic economy makes benefits for the business owner. On the flip side, a perfect competition shows drawbacks for the business owner and a monopolistic economy shows drawbacks for the consumer. The best way to run an economy is to have a balance between the two options. Americas economy does this.

Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

In JD Salingers' Catcher in the Rye, a troubled teenager named Holden Caufield struggles with the fact that everyone has to grow up. The book gets its title from Holden's constant concern with the loss of innocence. He did not want children to grow up because he felt that adults are corrupt. This is seen when Holden tries to erase naughty words from the walls of an elementary school where his younger sister Phoebe attended. "While I was sitting down, I saw something that drove me crazy. Somebody'd written 'Fuck you' on the wall. It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see it, and how they'd wonder what the hell it meant, and then finally some dirty kid would tell them- all cockeyed, naturally- what it meant, and how they'd all think about it and maybe even worry about it for a couple of days. I kept wanting to kill whoever'd written it. I figured it was some perverty bum that'd sneaked in the school late at night to take a leak or something and then wrote it on the wall. I kept picturing myself catching him at it, and how I'd smash his head on the stone steps till hew as good and goddam dead and bloody." (201) His deep concern with impeccability caused him to create stereotypes of a hooligan that would try to corrupt the children of an elementary school. Holden believed that children were innocent because they viewed the world and society without any bias. When Phoebe asked him to name something that he would like to be when he grew up, the only thing he would have liked to be was a "catcher in the rye." He invented an illusion for himself of a strange fantasy. He stated that he would like to follow a poem by Robert Burns: "If a body catch a body comin' through the rye." He kept "picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around- nobody big, I mean- except me. And I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff- I mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them.

Poetry Response Essay

I really love this poem by Wendy Copes because of the message that it tells me. For some reason there are those people who wish to pull someone down. Sometimes it is because of jealousy, envy and pride. In reality, no matter how hard you try to be good and to appreciate everyone, you really cannot please anybody. There will always be those who are against you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poem tells me that I should not let anyone interfere with what I am doing or to let anyone block my way to greater heights. That I should always do my best and show everyone what I can do, what I am able to do, my talents and abilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everyone has his or her own goal in life and we must focus on that goal, not looking to anyone but on that goal alone. We should not get our attention off our goal and let someone mess with that. We should always remain focused in achieving that goal or else we may not be able to achieve it. It is true that no one can live alone and that we need others to be able to live and be happy. Still we should not let those who dislike us or envy us to be the reason for our failure, if we do so, we will certainly achieve nothing. Every time that an opportunity for us to be recognized is given grab it. We should not favor or look onto anyone who wants the same opportunity like us. Every opportunity is a stepping stone in achieving our goal, our desire, and our future. The world is a place wherein the strongest is given greater opportunity over the weak, the talented above those that are not, and the wise over the fools.   We should let our light shine, and our talents to be revealed in order to be acknowledged both by man and society. Also, the poem tells us that we should not be move or hindered by anyone. We should not be ashamed in showing our talents and as well as emotions. We must be true to ourselves and not compromising to anyone. If we are glad let it show in our own way. Dance or jump or shout if you want to. We should not let anyone to be reason for our sadness and downfall. Works Cited The British Council. No date. â€Å"Wendy Cope†. November 19, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     

Antisocial Personality Disorder and its Potential Dangers...

Antisocial Personality Disorder is a personality disorder that is both easily diagnosed and can be potentially dangerous depending on severity. It is a disorder in which the person with the disorder does not feel empathy and can have the ability to manipulate others (Long, Philip W, 2011). Is this disorder treatable? Can it be diagnosed in children? What are the symptoms of this disorder? What are the dangers of this disorder? What causes one to develop this disorder? These are a few questions that I hope to address in this paper. What is antisocial personality disorder? It is a disorder in which a person feels no empathy and does not have a sense of what is right or wrong (Long, Phillip W, 2011). Some of the symptoms of this disorder†¦show more content†¦It seems as though diagnosis comes from both interviews of the individual and the history of the individual. There is also a check list used when diagnosing this disorder known as the PCL-R that was created by Robert D Hare in 1991(Long, Phillip W, 2010). On this checklist there is a score given ranging from 0 to 20, and this tells a psychologist or psychiatrist the severity of the disorder in the individual (Meloy, J Reid, 2007). On this scale the range of 0-2 generally means a person does not have antisocial personality disorder, but the range of 10-19 indicates the disorder in a mild form, the range of 20-29 indicates the moderate form of psychopathy, and the score of 30 indicates the individual has sever psychopathy (Meloy, J Reid, 2007). What ar e the statistics of those diagnosed? Some of the statistics are fairly interesting. About 80 to 85% of those who are incarcerated have antisocial personality disorder and 20% of those are considered to be psychopaths or sociopaths, and not all those who have antisocial personality disorder are sociopaths (Long, Phillip W, 2011). Also it is believed that 3.6% of the US adult population, which equates to about 7.6 million people, have antisocial personality disorder (Health Tree, 2010). This is also a condition that seems to affect men more than women (Health Tree, 2010). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, only 46.1% of those with the disorder receive some form of treatment (NIMH, 2010). Also 50% ofShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Antisocial Personality Disorder On Society1468 Words   |  6 PagesEFFECTS OF ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER The Cause and Effect on Society from being diagnosed with the condition from Adolescence to Adulthood Antisocial Personality Disorder There have been several studies done to demonstrate the condition known as Antisocial Personality Disorder. Around the 19th century it was called, with what the doctors would in the beginning refer to as moral insanity (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 1970). When doctors first came across individualsRead MoreWalter Hartwell White Sr.1305 Words   |  6 PagesAlbuquerque, New Mexico. Having the potential to become a billionaire in an innovative technology company, White decided to back out in seemingly â€Å"smart† financial decision. He later became a high school chemistry teacher and part-time cashier for A1A Car Wash. White was diagnosed with Stage 3A lung cancer, which became a definitive catalyst for his vicious path into the dark world of the underground drug industry. According to the DSM-IV, antisocial personality disorder (code 301.7) can be distinguishedRead MoreAdvanced Clinical Practice : Final Paper Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessfully complete an in-patient drug treatment program for up to eighteen months. If she successfully completes the program, she will be released two years early from her sentence. The client has been diagnosed with 304.00 (F11.20) Opioid Use Disorder – Severe which continues to make her eligible for treatment. Client is Hepatitis C positive. The ecological perspective for this client would include the interconnectedness of herself, her family, and the community. The client states she wasRead MoreCase Analysis : The Client Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessfully complete an in-patient drug treatment program for up to eighteen months. If she successfully completes the program, she will be released two years early from her sentence. The client has been diagnosed with 304.00 (F11.20) Opioid Use Disorder – Severe which continues to make her eligible for treatment. Client is Hepatitis C positive. The ecological perspective for this client would include the interconnectedness of herself, her family, and the community. The client states she wasRead MoreA Short Note On Anti Social Personality Disorder1733 Words   |  7 PagesFurther Studies in Anti-Social Personality Disorder Anthony Williams Independent Study As I dive further into searching for understanding of the diagnosis of Anti-Social Personality Disorder (APD), I’ve learned that there are many twists and turns along the way. Although the previous paper focused mainly on the interview with Dr Weise and the system of incarceration that fed the notion of using a diagnosis to classify and segregate African-Americans, there is so much more toRead MoreThe Theories Believe Biological Or Genetic Risk Factors1554 Words   |  7 Pagesrisk factors along with their environment impact an individual’s predisposition to engage in criminal behavior throughout their life. The biological risk factors tied with their environment can also impact an individual’s predilection to develop antisocial behavior or tendencies, violent or aggressive behavior, impulsivity, lack of social responsibility and their ability to learn complex behavior patterns. Several empirical studies regarding biosocial theory and its components will be r eviewed withinRead MoreRamsay Bolton : The Invention Bastard Son Of Roose Bolton, And The Unidentified Wife Of A Miller1261 Words   |  6 Pagesgives birth to a baby boy, feeling threatened Ramsay kills Roose, his wife and his half-brother, becoming the new lord of the dreadfort. Lastly Ramsay’s castle is overtaken by his enemies and he is killed. Ramsay has the mental disorder known as antisocial personality disorder. He meets six out of the seven diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed with ASPD. Numbers one through five ,and seven. Number one, failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performingRead MoreBeing Recognized As A Mental Illness1190 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, the phenomenon of malingering is not being recognized as a mental illness, but rather an intentional faking of mental illness. Malingering had captured the attention of many forensic psychologists and is now a growing concern due to the potential consequences of misdiagnosis in clinical or correctional setting. Malingering defined as a deliberate act by a person pretending to have some form of physical or psychological symptoms in order to avoid a negative outcome such as a prison sentenceRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Rights1387 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviors are indicators of how that person will develop as an adult. Personality traits as well as traumatic events can influence a person’s actions later on in life, how child interact with animals can be a clear warning sign of severe mental health issues. Either engaging in or bearing witness to animal abuse has shown correlation to violence later on in life. â€Å"Animal cruelty has been proven to be closely connected to mental disorders and interpersonal violence of perpetrators, but also the mental healthRead MoreResearch on Psychopathy: A Personal Disorder Essay2863 Words   |  12 PagesPsychopathy is an extremely complex subcategory of a specific personality disorder. This disorder has been researched since approximately the 18th century. Modern technology in science can detect psychopathy by examining the human brain using different techniques. This technology can and should be used to prevent violence in the world today. Research of the brain abnormalities in psychopaths have been traced back to the 1800’s when an Italian psychiatrist and criminologist Cesare Lombroso stated

The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer - 2648 Words

The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their stories give some extraordinary insights on Chaucer’s views on the roles of men and women in medieval times. Christianity is the most common characteristic discussed, and clearly very important to Chaucer. The Prologue gives the reader a general over-view of each of the characters; he separates each character by his or her social class, religious life, and morality. The Prioress and The Wife of Bath tales further reveal his opinions on women s roles and position in society. Chaucer makes it clear that me n and women have very different roles and expectations; but they all either serve themselves, or others; and this is the trait that Chaucer uses to characterize a morally â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† character, his characterization is not stipulated by social class or sex. The Prologue exemplifies many of the common roles of men and women during medieval times. The first traveler introduced is The Knight. The fact that Chaucer decided to describe The Knight first can already tell us a key aspect about men duringShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer1582 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury tales a collection of short tales in the 14th century. The compilation of stories are told by different characters within the narrative as part of a game proposed by the host. Each individual must tell two stories on their journey and two stories on their way back. Each story tells some aspects of English life during the time and often added satire like qualities to the English life. In particular Chaucer often tells stories with elements of the relationshipRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer consists of frame narratives were a group of pilgrims that are traveling from Southwark to the shire of St. Becker in the Canterbury Cathedral, tell each other to pass time until they arrive at their destination. During The Canterbury Tales the reader is exposed to many characters that represent all of the social classes of medieval England and the reader gets to know them from t he general prologue to each individual tale. One of these characters is the PardonerRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2127 Words   |  9 PagesIt is unknown when Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, but it is assumed that he wrote it in 1387. There are many different aspects and themes throughout this paper that are very prominent. One theme that is very important is the importance of company. This entire tale is about twenty-nine pilgrims who all tell tales while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The importance of company is that this is a pilgrimage that requires companions and friendship. ThoughRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the s ystem and everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man,Read MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer1585 Words   |  7 Pageswas published toward the end of his life, Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales was his longest and most popular work. The plot is made up of tales told by thirty-one different pilgrims as they embark on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. His initial idea was to have each pilgrim tell four stories a piece during the pilgrimage, but Chaucer either died before finishing or decided to change this idea, as only twenty-four tales presently make up the work. The prologue ofRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is a collection of 24 stories written during the Midd le Ages. The tales were written with the intent of criticizing the functions of societal standards as well as the beliefs of the Church. â€Å"The Miller’s Tale,† one the most popular stories, offers unique insights into the customs and practices of the English middle class during the Middle Ages. The story follows the lives of John, Absolon, and Nicholas, three men who are involved with a beautiful woman namedRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2664 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their storiesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2221 Words   |  9 Pagesin medieval literature is the Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer. This research seeks to examine the life of Chaucer, the Canterbury Tales, and the impact and legacy of both the author and the work. Agnes Copton gave birth to a baby boy c. 1340, whom she named Geoffrey. The baby took the surname of his father John Chaucer, who came from a family of wine merchants. The family relied on strategic relationships to subsidize where they lacked in wealth. Chaucer was fluent in French, ItalianRead MoreCanterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1380 Words   |  6 PagesCanterbury Tales Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer was a story of not the people themselves but a social statement of how the people of higher standing were viewed by the middle class. In the time that Canterbury Tales was written it was a time of corruption of the Church. There were many clergy members that were mentioned in this story. Each of the characters was unique in the way they went against the standards they should be held to. The most interesting this story was definitely TheRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1777 Words   |  8 PagesCanterbury Tales takes place in the late 1300’s also known as the Middle ages. Prior to and at this point in time, people tend to be more conservative and to themselves. Geoffrey Chaucer, the author of these stories does something most authors didn’t do at this time, he ironically pointed out the flaws of the medieval English society. He does this by using estate satire. The Canterbury Tales is a great example of the B ritish human experience at that point in time. Chaucer does a great job describing

Social Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay - 2163 Words

n AmericaSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics believe that racial discrimination no longer hinders or affects the advancement of minorities. Racial and ethnic actions are still being taken towards minorities in education, employment, housing, arrests, and many other issues of society. Social inequality and discrimination towards minorities is clear in everyday society. This can be seen by the way inequality is still persistent among the social classes. Among these classes formed by society, minorities tend to be one of the most affected. This is noticed by the way education remains segregated, the wage inequality social prejudice in the workforce) and social disparity (inequality Poverty). Many have used their voice to shine light on these issues, authors such as Michelle Alexander in her essay â€Å" The New Jim Crow â€Å" argues the fake abolishment of the racism and segregation , and Class and The Hidden Curriculum of Work† in her essay reveals the inequality based on a student’s community and socioeconomic status. Social inequality affectsShow MoreRelatedSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2091 Words   |  9 PagesSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal opportunities for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages, and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics . AmericansRead MoreGender Inequality : A Good Understanding Of The Social Inequality Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesAs a female college student I feel the necessity to have a good understanding of the social inequalities around me. Although, women have socially grown with more power over the years, it is not enough to equalize with the men. For example, the pay gap differen ce between men and women for not having the â€Å"testosterone bonus† even though the same education and qualifications are present. I hope that over time I will be able to experience a change and have the same equal rights as men because I feelRead MoreGender Inequality : A Social Problem1728 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyze why a social problem exists, came to be and where its future lies. The best explanation on why gender inequality is, always has been, and will continue to be a social problem is from the functionalist perspective. Functionalist focus on how a society creates the social problem and then analyzes how and why the social issue has been maintained over the years. The objective reality is that gender inequality has and always will be a major issue in society. The scope of gender inequality has changedRead MoreGender Inequality And The Social Construction Of Gender1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe differences in the social construction of gender, race, class, and sex uality have led to discrimination and inequality of those classified under a variety of these categories. Through understanding the significance of these social constructs on society it becomes apparent the intersectionality they have when it comes to understanding why certain groups may face discrimination or inequality. This paper examines gender inequality and how the social construction of gender makes it difficult forRead MoreGender Inequality : A Social Problem1016 Words   |  5 PagesGender inequality is a social problem that is widespread in society. It is referred to as the unfair treatment of individuals based on one s gender. Historically, laws have opposed women to go to school, access certain jobs, and purchase property. Gender inequality has been experience through culture – honor-killing, sex-selective abortion, and society – occupation, gender roles, and education. The social expectations of men and women differ between cultures that are constructed s ocially and culturallyRead MoreSocial Class And Gender Inequality972 Words   |  4 PagesEquality has been and will always be a problem in our world. Not everyone can choose to have the job they want, do what they want or simply live the life they want. There is inequality in matters of race, sexual orientation, social class and gender. I know that both genders face some sort of gender inequality. While browsing through the internet, I saw four advertisements that depicted women in a sexist and discriminatory way. I chose to do my essay on these advertisements because I find them relatableRead MoreSocial Stratification And Gender Inequality Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesmultiple forms of social stratification whether it may be social class, caste, slavery, race or even gender. Social stratification places groups of people in a hierarchy depending on their social status which is respective to their economic income. This in turn determines their social position in society. With so cial stratification comes social mobility. These two terms are commonly found together when describing social stratification. Social mobility is simply â€Å"the change of social status within societyRead MoreThe Social Issue Of Gender Inequality1939 Words   |  8 PagesThe Social Issue of Gender Inequality between Men and Women Nakia Bell University of South Alabama Abstract In this paper, I will be discussing the social issue of gender inequality between men and women. Gender inequality is a problem that is widely recognized and affects men and women alike. Gender inequality affects employment, earnings, how individuals are viewed, etc. This issue is one that needs to be resolved so women, and men, can make progress toward a gender-neutral societyRead MoreSocial Inequality : Race And Gender1893 Words   |  8 PagesSOCIAL INEQUALITY Race and Gender 1 a.) As defined by sociology, a minority group is one that is singled out and treated as lesser people, and given less say and resources than those who are of a higher station in society ((Ed.), (n.d)). The importance of having different ‘classes’ in society is that it defines who will be the one who serves those at the top and those who will be at the top. Although the separation of each class gives a clearer definition of who we are in society we should notRead MoreGender Inequality And Relevant Social Norms959 Words   |  4 PagesBuilt on the racial inequality discussed in the previous session, we continued to examine gender inequality and relevant social norms. It is interesting for me to see several female students, such as Teresa, Barbara, Katy, are not uncomfortable with being considered as inferior to their male counterparts in family and the external society. However, when imagining they had daughters, they unanimously said that they would love to teach their daughters to be independent and non-obedient. In my opinion

What Does A Relationship Do For An Individual Every Relationship Betw Essay Example For Students

What Does A Relationship Do For An Individual? Every Relationship Betw Essay een a male and female change their current status. Having a relationship affected me in many ways in which some are good and some bad. The good and bad sides to having a relationship are lower grades, need of more money, but a better social life. One of the main reasons why students receive lower grades are due to relationships.Having to be able to keep in touch with the one you have feelings for takes time away from your homework andother things you might need to accomplish. Some students may be able to get their priorities straight and stay ontrack but its highly unlikely. Your homwork piles up little by little and you wont even notice it until the day before all the work is due! Thatswhen youll realize youre behind, but by then its too late. Money is a key factor to a relationship because in a relationship every couple wants to do things togetherlike watch a movie, eat dinner, or buy him/her a gift. You may be able to stay on track in school, have high grades, etc. but the point is its better when you have a relationship than not having one. Well, for most people anyways. One thing for sure is that youll have a better social life. Youll have someone to talk to when you have problems and someone to lean onShe can be a great comfort to you if the person actually does care for you. If youre going out with a person becausethe person just has a nice physical appearance, than you might not have that luxury, but it is a great conveniencefor most people. I hope this has informed everyone that read this about the good and bad sides to having a relationship. There are many other reasons to a relationship, but these are the main three things to it, at least for me anyways. My advice to everyone is, wait until youre out of school i f you want a good future, because it can really mess your grades up, but if youre willing to be diligent and can live with less sleep then by all meansstart a relationship. At least, one that will last.